miércoles, 6 de junio de 2007

En San Vicente (VIIIR), un nuevo derrame de petróleo *.














Son aproximadamente 350 mts cúbicos, los cuales se liberaron cuando la motonave New Constellation, de bandera de Islas Marshall, y agenciada por Ultramar, efectuaba tareas de desestibamiento en el terminal "B" de la Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (Enap). La intendenta del Biobío afirmó que se están tomando “todas las medidas de mitigación, confinamiento y proceder en torno a lo que es una emergencia, y según el fiscal marítimo “no se habrían generado daños significativos a los recursos naturales del sector”…

Al derramarse en el agua se esparce como una delgadísima capa, que impide que la luz solar pase a las capas inferiores del agua. Asimismo se genera una cubierta compuesta por burbujas de alquitrán que se impregna en las rocas, en las plumas de las aves que se sumergen para buscar su alimento tales como gaviotas, pingüinos, cormoranes, y en la piel de mamíferos marinos tales como lobos de mar, focas, entre otros. Estos seres se impregnan o quedan atrapados en el oleoso líquido de modo que no tienen posibilidad de sobrevivencia. Del mismo modo, el petróleo destruye la capacidad térmica de los animales, provocando asfixia, y deja inutilizable el alimento de muchas especies no afectadas directamente por el derrame.

El petróleo es degradado por bacterias, pero el proceso es demasiado lento como para permitir que el ecosistema se recupere del golpe recibido, sobretodo si es petróleo refinado (puede durar hasta 20 años el efecto, y cerca de 5 para el petróleo crudo). Los rastros se pueden hallar en tejidos animales, sedimentos del fondo marino. También puede ocurrir que ciertas especies desaparezcan del lugar, especialmente si no son muy abundantes.

Una solución a estos desastres es que, una vez ocurrido el accidente, se aísla inmediatamente la zona afectada por el petróleo mediante flotadores que cercan el líquido, restringiendo así el área contaminada. En algunos casos se forman brigadas para el rescate de los animales que han sido atrapados por la mancha de petróleo. Si el tiempo de exposición en el elemento es breve y existe la posibilidad de un adecuado lavado de los animales, es posible lograr salvarlos de una muerte cruel.

Respecto al desastre en San Vicente, el personal del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), junto a muchos de la zona se encuentran realizando limpieza y lavado de las aves que se han visto afectadas como los blanquillos, cormoranes, gaviotas y pingüinos. Se informó que una vez que las especies estén recuperadas, las trasladarán a un lugar donde no haya contaminación (pero las aves se movilizan en busca de alimento pues, de recuperar su hábitat, su nicho ecológico!!!).

Pero este no es un evento aislado. La Coordinadora Ciudadana Ambiental y Ecológica “Talcahueño”, hizo un listado de los múltiples desastres ocurridos en la Bahía de San Vicente:

1. Baramiento del barco petrolero “Cabo Tamar” en el año 1975.
2. Incendio el la Bahia de San Vicente el 6 de marzo año 1993.
3. Desastre ecológico y ambiental, por el derrame de petróleo en la Bahía de San Vicente el viernes 25 de mayo 2007.

Accidentes tecnológicos que se han producido en la Bahía de San Vicente:

1. Hundimiento de un barco pesquero el 8 de octubre del 2000.
2. Emergencia química, por fuga de gas tricloruro el 9 de mayo 2002.
3. Un amago de incendio en el pesquero de alta mar frío sur, 24 de agosto 2006.
4. Explosión al interior de la planta pesquera Alimar el 11 de noviembre 2006.

Sumado a todo lo anterior debe recordarse que a diario se genera eliminación de desechos en el río Biobío y en la bahía de Talcahuano por parte de la industria siderúrgica, petroquímica y de cemento, contaminando con metales pesados (cadmio, plomo, plata, y mercurio), detergentes, ácido sulfúrico, lanolina, fosfatos, hidróxido de sodio, pesticidas herbicidas y residuos de procesos químicos que llevan a cabo las industrias madereras y la celulosa en el interior del territorio, en las localidades de Laja y Nacimiento, especialmente. A lo anterior, se agrega la contaminación por materia orgánica derivada de la industria pesquera y la eliminación de desperdicios que efectúan los pescadores artesanales. A su vez, la existencia de basurales y de lugares donde se acumulan escombros comienza a ser otra característica que muestra el paisaje costero de Concepción y Talcahuano; y ahora más encima el derrame de petróleo de la ENAP!!!

Mala cosa, ¿no?

*Fuentes varias

22 comentarios:

Paulville dijo...

Hola, te felicito por tu noticia sobre el derrame, con un grupo de amigos biologos marinos nos encontramos tratando de difundir lo sucedido y problemas que se pueden presentar, mira el blog que estamos apenas iniciando, para que nos ayudes a difundirlo http://derramesanvicente.blogspot.com/

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Hay que hacer escándalo para que esto no vuelva a ocurrir y para que la indemnisación sea ejemplificadora. El castigo debiera ser una compensación económica seria y bien planteada. Esto ha sido un grave atentado a nuestro patrimonio.

A todos en los que están difundiendo y exigiendo una respuesta, sigan adelante con las demandas apoyando a los que se mojan el potito. Adelante y fuerza.

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